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AppTuple.hpp
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	//===-- rosa/app/AppTuple.hpp ------------------------------------ C++ --===//
	//
	// The RoSA Framework
	//
	// Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Boost Software License 1.0.
	// See accompanying file LICENSE.
	//
	// If you did not receive a copy of the license file, see
	// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt.
	//
	//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
	///
	/// \file rosa/app/AppTuple.hpp
	///
	/// \author David Juhasz (david.juhasz@tuwien.ac.at)
	///
	/// \date 2019-2020
	///
	/// \brief Facilities for handling multiple input/output values for connections
	/// in the application interface.
	///
	/// \see \c rosa::app::Application
	///
	//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

	#ifndef ROSA_APP_APPTUPLE_HPP
	#define ROSA_APP_APPTUPLE_HPP

	#include "rosa/support/sequence.hpp"
	#include "rosa/support/type_token.hpp"
	#include <ostream>
	#include <tuple>

	namespace rosa {
	namespace app {

	/// A tuple to manage multiple input/output values in the *application
	/// interface*.
	///
	/// \tparam Ts types of elements of the tuple
	///
	/// \note The template may be instantiated only with built-in types and the
	/// number of those type may not exceed the capacity of a \c rosa::Token.
	template <typename... Ts> struct AppTuple : public std::tuple<Ts...> {
	// Statically enforce that the class template is instantiated only with
	// built-in types.
	STATIC_ASSERT((TypeListSubsetOf<TypeList<Ts...>, BuiltinTypes>::Value),
	"not built-in types");
	// Statically enforce that the class template is instantiated with not too
	// many types.
	// \note Instantiation would fail on \c rosa::app::AppTuple::TT if there
	// are too many types; this assertion is for more readable error reporting.
	STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof...(Ts) <= token::MaxTokenizableListSize,
	"Too many types");

	/// How many elements the instance has.
	static constexpr token_size_t Length = sizeof...(Ts);

	/// What types the class contains.
	///
	/// Type information encoded as \c rosa::Token.
	static constexpr Token TT = TypeToken<Ts...>::Value;

	/// Default constructor, zero-initializes elements.
	AppTuple(void) = default;

	/// Constructor, initializes the underlying \c std::tuple with lvalue
	/// references.
	///
	/// \param Args value references to the values to store
	AppTuple(const std::decay_t<Ts> &... Args) : std::tuple<Ts...>(Args...) {}

	/// Constructor, initializes the underlying \c std::tuple with rvalue
	/// references.
	///
	/// \param Args rvalue references to the values to store
	AppTuple(std::decay_t<Ts> &&... Args)
	: std::tuple<Ts...>(std::move(Args)...) {}

	/// Contructor, initializes the underlying \c std::tuple from another matching
	/// \c std::tuple.
	AppTuple(const std::tuple<Ts...> &Args) : std::tuple<Ts...>(Args) {}

	/// Default copy-constructor.
	AppTuple(const AppTuple &) = default;

	/// Default move-constructor.
	AppTuple(AppTuple &&) = default;

	/// Default copy-assignment.
	AppTuple &operator=(const AppTuple &) = default;

	/// Default move-assignment.
	AppTuple &operator=(AppTuple &&) = default;

	private:
	/// Dumps \p this object to a given \c std::ostream.
	///
	/// \note Provides implementation for \c rosa::app::AppTuple::dump.
	///
	/// \tparam S0 Indices for accessing elements.
	///
	/// \param [in,out] OS output stream to dump to
	///
	/// \note The second argument provides indices statically as template
	/// arguments \p S0..., so its actual value is ignored.
	///
	/// \pre Statically, \p S0... matches number of types \p this object was
	/// created: \code
	/// sizeof...(S0) == sizeof...(Ts)
	/// \endcode
	template <size_t... S0>
	void dump(std::ostream &OS, Seq<S0...>) const noexcept;

	public:
	/// Dumps \p this object to a given \c std::ostream.
	///
	/// \param [in,out] OS output stream to dump to
	void dump(std::ostream &OS) const noexcept;
	};

	template <typename... Ts>
	template <size_t... S0>
	void AppTuple<Ts...>::dump(std::ostream &OS, Seq<S0...>) const noexcept {
	STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof...(S0) == sizeof...(Ts), "inconsistent type arguments");
	// Convert value to std::string with std::to_string except for a value of
	// std::string that does not need conversion.
	auto dump_to_string = [](const auto &V) {
	if constexpr (std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(V)>, std::string>::value) {
	return V;
	} else {
	return std::to_string(V);
	}
	};
	OS << "{";
	(OS << ... << (" " + dump_to_string(std::get<S0>(*this))));
	OS << " }";
	}

	template <typename... Ts>
	void AppTuple<Ts...>::dump(std::ostream &OS) const noexcept {
	dump(OS, seq_t<sizeof...(Ts)>());
	}

	/// Type alias for a \c rosa::app::AppTuple that contains no elements.
	using EmptyAppTuple = AppTuple<>;

	/// Template specialization for \c rosa::app::EmptyAppTuple.
	template <> struct AppTuple<> : public std::tuple<> {
	/// How many elements the instance has.
	static constexpr token_size_t Length = 0;

	/// What types the class contains.
	///
	/// Type information encoded as \c rosa::Token.
	static constexpr Token TT = TypeToken<>::Value;

	/// Constructor, initializes the underlying \c std::tuple.
	AppTuple(void) : std::tuple<>() {}

	/// Default copy-constructor.
	AppTuple(const AppTuple &) = default;

	// Default move-constructor.
	AppTuple(AppTuple &&) = default;

	/// Default copy-assignment.
	AppTuple &operator=(const AppTuple &) = default;

	// Default move-assignment,
	AppTuple &operator=(AppTuple &&) = default;

	/// Dumps \p this object to a given \c std::ostream.
	///
	/// \param [in,out] OS output stream to dump to
	static void dump(std::ostream &OS) noexcept;
	};

	/// Creates a \c rosa::app::AppTuple instance from the given lvalues
	/// references.
	///
	/// \tparam Ts types of elements of the tuple
	///
	/// \see \c rosa::app::AppTuple
	///
	/// \param Args values to store in the tuple
	///
	/// \return an instance of \c rosa::app::AppTuple<Ts...> with \p Args as
	/// elements
	template <typename... Ts>
	inline AppTuple<Ts...> make_app_tuple(const Ts &... Args) noexcept {
	return AppTuple<Ts...>(Args...);
	}

	/// Creates a \c rosa::app::AppTuple instance from the given rvalue
	/// references.
	///
	/// \tparam Ts types of elements of the tuple
	///
	/// \see \c rosa::app::AppTuple
	///
	/// \param Args values to store in the tuple
	///
	/// \return an instance of \c rosa::app::AppTuple<Ts...> with \p Args as
	/// elements
	template <typename... Ts>
	inline AppTuple<Ts...> make_app_tuple(Ts &&... Args) noexcept {
	return AppTuple<Ts...>(std::move(Args)...);
	}

	/// Creates a \c rosa::app::AppTuple instance from the given \c std::tuple
	/// reference.
	///
	/// \tparam Ts types of elements of the tuple
	///
	/// \see \c rosa::app::AppTuple
	///
	/// \param Args values to store in the tuple
	///
	/// \return an instance of \c rosa::app::AppTuple<Ts...> with \p Args as
	/// elements
	template <typename... Ts>
	inline AppTuple<Ts...> make_app_tuple(const std::tuple<Ts...> &Args) noexcept {
	return AppTuple<Ts...>(Args);
	}

	/// \defgroup UnwrapAppTuple Implementation of
	/// rosa::app::UnwrapAppTuple
	///
	/// \brief Unwraps element types from an instance of \c
	/// rosa::app::AppTuple into a \c rosa::TypeList
	///
	/// Types can be unwrapped from a \c rosa::app::AppTuple instance as \code
	/// typename UnwrapAppTuple<List>::Type
	/// \endcode
	///
	/// For example, the following expression evaluates to `true`: \code
	/// std::is_same<typename UnwrapAppTuple<AppTuple<T1, T2>>::Type,
	/// TypeList<T1, T2>>::value
	/// \endcode
	///@{

	/// Declaration of the template.
	///
	/// \tparam Tuple \c rosa::app::AppTuple to unwrap
	template <typename Tuple> struct UnwrapAppTuple;

	/// Implementation of the template for \c rosa::app::AppTuple instances.
	template <typename... Ts> struct UnwrapAppTuple<AppTuple<Ts...>> {
	using Type = TypeList<Ts...>;
	};

	///@}

	///@}

	/// \defgroup IsTuple Implementation of \c rosa::app::IsTuple
	///
	/// \brief Tells if a type is a tuple as in it can be converted to \c
	/// rosa::app::AppTuple.
	///
	/// \see \c rosa::app::MatchingAppTuple
	///
	/// Whether a type \c T is a tuple can be checked as \code
	/// IsTuple<T>::Value
	/// \endcode
	///@{

	/// Declaration of the template.
	///
	/// \tparam T type to check
	template <typename T> struct IsTuple;

	/// Specialization for the case when the type is an instance of \c std::tuple.
	template <typename... Ts> struct IsTuple<std::tuple<Ts...>> {
	static constexpr bool Value = true;
	};

	/// Specialization for the case when the type is an instance of \c std::tuple.
	template <typename... Ts> struct IsTuple<AppTuple<Ts...>> {
	static constexpr bool Value = true;
	};

	/// Implementation for a general case of type \p T.
	template <typename T> struct IsTuple { static constexpr bool Value = false; };

	///@}

	/// \defgroup IsAppTuple Implementation of \c rosa::app::IsAppTuple
	///
	/// \brief Tells if a type is an instance of \c rosa::app::AppTuple.
	///
	/// Whether a type \c T is an instance of \c rosa::app::AppTuple can be
	/// checked as \code
	/// IsAppTuple<T>::Value
	/// \endcode
	///
	/// \note `!IsAppTuple<T>::Value \|\| IsTuple<T>::Value`
	///@{

	/// Declaration of the template.
	///
	/// \tparam T type to check
	template <typename T> struct IsAppTuple;

	/// Specialization for the case when the type is an instance of \c
	/// rosa::app::AppTuple.
	template <typename... Ts> struct IsAppTuple<AppTuple<Ts...>> {
	static constexpr bool Value = true;
	};

	/// Implementation for a general case of type \p T.
	template <typename T> struct IsAppTuple {
	static constexpr bool Value = false;
	};

	///@}

	/// \defgroup MatchingAppTuple Implementation of \c
	/// rosa::app::MatchingAppTuple
	///
	/// \brief Gives the \c rosa::app::AppTuple type that matches a given
	/// tuple type.
	///
	/// The matching \c rosa::app::AppTuple type for a tuple type \p T can be
	/// obtained as \code
	/// typename MatchingAppTuple<T>::Type
	/// \endcode
	/// If \p T is \c rosa::app::AppTuple, the matching type is \p T itself.
	/// If \p T is \c std::tuple, the matching type if \c rosa::app::AppTuple
	/// with the same type parameters as \p T.
	/// \c rosa::app::MatchingAppTuple is not defined for other type
	/// parameters.
	///
	/// \note The template is defined for type \p T only if
	/// `rosa::app::IsTuple<T>::Value`. Values of such types can be used to
	/// construct a new instance of the class \c rosa::app::AppTuple.
	///
	///\see \c rosa::app::IsTuple
	///@{

	/// Declaration of the template.
	///
	/// \tparam T type to check
	template <typename T> struct MatchingAppTuple;

	/// Specialization for the case when the type is an instance of \c
	/// rosa::app::AppTuple.
	template <typename... Ts> struct MatchingAppTuple<AppTuple<Ts...>> {
	using Type = AppTuple<Ts...>;
	};

	/// Specialization for the case when the type is an instance of \c
	/// std::tuple.
	template <typename... Ts> struct MatchingAppTuple<std::tuple<Ts...>> {
	using Type = AppTuple<Ts...>;
	};

	///@}

	/// Convenience template type alias for easy use of \c
	/// rosa::app::MatchingAppTuple.
	///
	/// Converts a tuple type to the matching \c rosa::app::AppTuple type.
	///
	/// \tparam Tuple type to convert
	template <typename Tuple>
	using matching_app_tuple_t = typename MatchingAppTuple<Tuple>::Type;

	/// \defgroup TypeListAllAppTuple Implementation of
	/// \c rosa::app::TypeListAllAppTuple
	///
	/// \brief Tells if all types in a \c rosa::TypeList is an instance of \c
	/// rosa::app::AppTuple.
	///
	/// Whether a \c rosa::TypeList \c List contains instances of \c
	/// rosa::app::AppTuple only can be checked as \code
	/// TypeListAllAppTuple<List>::Value
	/// \endcode
	///@{

	/// Declaration of the template.
	///
	/// \tparam List \c rosa::TypeList to check
	template <typename List> struct TypeListAllAppTuple;

	/// Specialization for \c rosa::EmptyTypeList.
	template <> struct TypeListAllAppTuple<EmptyTypeList> {
	static constexpr bool Value = true;
	};

	/// Implementation for the general case when there is at leasst one element in
	/// the list.
	template <typename T, typename... Ts>
	struct TypeListAllAppTuple<TypeList<T, Ts...>> {
	static constexpr bool Value =
	IsAppTuple<T>::Value && TypeListAllAppTuple<TypeList<Ts...>>::Value;
	};

	///@}

	} // End namespace app
	} // End namespace rosa

	namespace std {

	/// Dumps a \c rosa::app::App instance to a given \c std::ostream.
	///
	/// \param [in,out] OS output stream to dump to
	/// \param Tuple \c rosa::app::App to dump
	///
	/// \return \p OS after dumping \p Tuple to it
	template <typename... Ts>
	ostream &operator<<(ostream &OS, const rosa::app::AppTuple<Ts...> &Tuple) {
	Tuple.dump(OS);
	return OS;
	}

	} // End namespace std

	#endif // ROSA_APP_APPTUPLE_HPP

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