sa-ews2.cpp
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	//===-- apps/sa-ews2/sa-ews2.cpp --------------------------------- C++ --===//
	//
	// The RoSA Framework -- Application SA-EWS2
	//
	// Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Boost Software License 1.0.
	// See accompanying file LICENSE.
	//
	// If you did not receive a copy of the license file, see
	// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt.
	//
	//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
	///
	/// \file apps/sa-ews2/sa-ews2.cpp
	///
	/// \author David Juhasz (david.juhasz@tuwien.ac.at)
	/// Maximilian Goetzinger (maxgot@utu.fi)
	///
	/// \date 2020
	///
	/// \brief The application SA-EWS2 implements the case study from the paper:
	/// M. Götzinger, A. Anzanpour, I. Azimi, N. TaheriNejad, A. Jantsch,
	/// A. M. Rahmani, and P. Liljeberg: Confidence-Enhanced Early Warning Score
	/// Based on Fuzzy Logic. DOI: 10.1007/s11036-019-01324-5
	//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

	#include "rosa/agent/RangeConfidence.hpp"
	#include "rosa/agent/CrossCombinator.h"
	#include "rosa/agent/ReliabilityConfidenceCombination.h"

	#include "rosa/config/version.h"

	#include "rosa/app/Application.hpp"

	#include "rosa/support/csv/CSVReader.hpp"
	#include "rosa/support/csv/CSVWriter.hpp"
	#include "rosa/support/iterator/split_tuple_iterator.hpp"

	#include "cxxopts/cxxopts.hpp"

	#include <fstream>

	using namespace rosa;
	using namespace rosa::agent;
	using namespace rosa::app;
	using namespace rosa::terminal;
	using namespace rosa::csv;
	using namespace rosa::iterator;

	const std::string AppName = "SA-EWS2";

	/// Representation type of warning levels.
	/// \note Make sure it suits all defined enumeration values.
	using WarningScoreType = uint8_t;

	/// Warning levels for abstraction.
	///
	/// \note Conversion functions \c feedbackFromSymbol(), \c feedbackToSymbol(),
	/// and the master input handler generated by \c createLowLevelAgent() expect
	/// enumeration values to constitute a consecutive range of non-negative
	/// integers starting from \c 0.
	enum WarningScore : WarningScoreType {
	No = 0,
	Low = 1,
	High = 2,
	Emergency = 3
	};

	/// Vector with all possible warning levels.
	std::vector<WarningScoreType> warningScores = {No, Low, High, Emergency};

	/// Type used to represent reliability values.
	using ReliabilityType = double;

	/// The result type of low-level functions.
	using WarningValue = AppTuple<WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;

	/// The helper struct used by the Likeliness Combinator to provide feedback.
	using EWSSymbol = Symbol<WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;

	/// All feedback calculated by Likelienss Combinator for one slave.
	using EWSFeedback = std::vector<EWSSymbol>;

	/// The feedback provided by master to a slave agent.
	/// The tuple contains the reliability feedback for each warning level in order.
	using FeedbackTuple = AppTuple<ReliabilityType, ReliabilityType,
	ReliabilityType, ReliabilityType>;

	/// Converts feedback calculated by Likeliness Combinator into a tuple that can
	/// be sent between agents.
	///
	/// \param F calculated standard feedback
	///
	/// \return feedback tuple
	FeedbackTuple feedbackFromSymbol(const EWSFeedback &F) {
	// Fill a map with feedback for warning levels.
	std::map<WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType> M;
	std::for_each(F.cbegin(), F.cend(), [&M](const EWSSymbol &S) {
	M.insert({S.Identifier, S.Likeliness});
	});
	// Expect feedback for all warning levels.
	ASSERT(M.size() == warningScores.size());
	return {M[No], M[Low], M[High], M[Emergency]};
	}

	/// Converts feedback tuple to standard format used by the Likeliness Combinator.
	///
	/// \param F feedback tuple
	///
	/// \return feedback in standard format
	EWSFeedback feedbackToSymbol(const FeedbackTuple &F) {
	return {{No, std::get<No>(F)},
	{Low, std::get<Low>(F)},
	{High, std::get<High>(F)},
	{Emergency, std::get<Emergency>(F)}};
	}

	/// Helper function creating an application sensor and setting its execution
	/// policy for decimation.
	///
	/// \note The sensors are created without defining a normal generator function,
	/// which is suitable for simulation only.
	///
	/// \tparam T type of values for the sensor to generate
	///
	/// \param App the application to create the sensor in
	/// \param Name name of the new sensor
	/// \param Decimation the decimation parameter
	///
	/// \return handle for the new sensor
	template <typename T>
	AgentHandle createSensor(std::unique_ptr<Application> &App,
	const std::string &Name, const size_t Decimation) {
	AgentHandle Sensor = App->createSensor<T>(Name);
	App->setExecutionPolicy(Sensor, AppExecutionPolicy::decimation(Decimation));
	return Sensor;
	}

	/// Helper function creating an application agent for pre-processing sensory
	/// values and setting its execution policy for decimation.
	///
	/// Received values are assessed for reliability and abstracted into a \c
	/// WarningScore. The result of the processing function is a pair of assessed
	/// reliability and abstracted values.
	///
	/// The agent also accepts feedback from its master, which is taken into account
	/// for the pre-processing of later sensory values.
	///
	/// \note The result, \c WarningScore, is returned as \c WarningScoreType
	/// because enumeration types are not integrated into built-in types. Hence, a
	/// master to these agents receives its input as \c WarningScoreType values, and
	/// may cast them to \c WarningScore explicitly.
	///
	/// \tparam T type of values to receive from the sensor
	///
	/// \param App the application to create the agent in
	/// \param Name name of the new agent
	/// \param Decimation the decimation parameter
	/// \param R reliability/confidence combination to use
	///
	/// \return handle for the new agent
	template <typename T>
	AgentHandle
	createLowLevelAgent(std::unique_ptr<Application> &App, const std::string &Name,
	const size_t Decimation,
	ReliabilityAndConfidenceCombination<T, WarningScoreType,
	ReliabilityType> &R) {
	using masterhandler = std::function<void(std::pair<FeedbackTuple, bool>)>;
	using result = Optional<WarningValue>;
	using input = AppTuple<T>;
	using handler = std::function<result(std::pair<input, bool>)>;
	AgentHandle Agent = App->createAgent(
	Name, masterhandler([&, Name](std::pair<FeedbackTuple, bool> I) {
	LOG_INFO_STREAM << "\n******\n"
	<< Name << " " << (I.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
	<< " master feedback: ["
	<< PRINTABLE(std::get<No>(I.first)) << ", "
	<< PRINTABLE(std::get<Low>(I.first)) << ", "
	<< PRINTABLE(std::get<High>(I.first)) << ", "
	<< PRINTABLE(std::get<Emergency>(I.first))
	<< "]\n******\n";
	const auto Feedback = feedbackToSymbol(I.first);
	R.feedback(Feedback);
	}),
	handler([&, Name](std::pair<input, bool> I) -> result {
	LOG_INFO_STREAM << "\n******\n"
	<< Name << " " << (I.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
	<< " value: " << PRINTABLE(std::get<0>(I.first))
	<< "\n******\n";
	const auto SensorValue = std::get<0>(I.first);
	const auto AbstractedValue = R.bestSymbol(SensorValue);
	return {WarningValue(AbstractedValue.Identifier,
	AbstractedValue.Likeliness)};
	}));
	App->setExecutionPolicy(Agent, AppExecutionPolicy::decimation(Decimation));
	return Agent;
	}

	/// Helper function to print an error message in red color to the terminal and
	/// exit from the application.
	///
	/// \note The function never returns as it calles `exit()`.
	///
	/// \param Error error message
	/// \param ExitCode exit code to return from the application
	void logErrorAndExit(const std::string &Error, const int ExitCode) {
	LOG_ERROR_STREAM << Color::Red << Error << Color::Default << std::endl;
	exit(ExitCode);
	}

	int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
	LOG_INFO_STREAM << '\n'
	<< library_string() << " -- " << Color::Red << AppName
	<< " app" << Color::Default << '\n';

	/// Paths for the CSV files for simulation.
	///
	///@{
	std::string DataCSVPath;
	std::string ScoreCSVPath;
	///@}

	/// Whether CSV files have header row at the beginning.
	bool CSVHeader = false;

	/// Delimiter character in CSV files.
	char CSVDelimiter = ',';

	/// Decimation of sensors and agents.
	size_t Decimation = 1;

	/// How many cycles of simulation to perform.
	size_t NumberOfSimulationCycles = 128;

	// Handle command-line arguments.
	try {
	cxxopts::Options Options(argv[0], library_string() + " -- " + AppName);
	Options.add_options()("i,input",
	"Path for the CSV file providing input data",
	cxxopts::value(DataCSVPath), "file")
	("o,output",
	"Path for the CSV file to write output scores",
	cxxopts::value(ScoreCSVPath), "file")
	("header", "CSV files have header row",
	cxxopts::value(CSVHeader)->default_value("false"))
	("delimiter", "CSV delimiter character",
	cxxopts::value(CSVDelimiter)->default_value(","), "char")
	("d,decimation", "Decimation of sensors and agents",
	cxxopts::value(Decimation)->default_value("1"), "int")
	("c,cycles", "Number of simulation cycles to perform",
	cxxopts::value(NumberOfSimulationCycles)->default_value("16"), "int")
	("h,help", "Print usage");

	auto Args = Options.parse(argc, argv);

	if (Args.count("help")) {
	LOG_INFO_STREAM << '\n' << Options.help() << std::endl;
	exit(0);
	}

	if (Args.count("input") == 0) {
	throw std::invalid_argument("Argument --input must be defined.");
	}
	if (Args.count("output") == 0) {
	throw std::invalid_argument("Argument --output must be defined.");
	}
	} catch (const cxxopts::OptionException &e) {
	logErrorAndExit(e.what(), 1);
	} catch (const std::invalid_argument &e) {
	logErrorAndExit(e.what(), 1);
	}

	std::unique_ptr<Application> App = Application::create(AppName);

	//
	// Relevant types and definitions.
	//

	using HRType = float;
	using HRConfidence =
	RangeConfidence<HRType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;
	using HRParFun = PartialFunction<HRType, ReliabilityType>;
	using HRLinFun = LinearFunction<HRType, ReliabilityType>;

	using BRType = float;
	using BRConfidence =
	RangeConfidence<BRType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;
	using BRParFun = PartialFunction<BRType, ReliabilityType>;
	using BRLinFun = LinearFunction<BRType, ReliabilityType>;

	using SpO2Type = int32_t;
	using SpO2Confidence =
	RangeConfidence<SpO2Type, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;
	using SpO2ParFun = PartialFunction<SpO2Type, ReliabilityType>;
	using SpO2LinFun = LinearFunction<SpO2Type, ReliabilityType>;

	using BPSysType = float;
	using BPSysConfidence =
	RangeConfidence<BPSysType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;
	using BPSysParFun = PartialFunction<BPSysType, ReliabilityType>;
	using BPSysLinFun = LinearFunction<BPSysType, ReliabilityType>;

	using BodyTempType = float;
	using BodyTempConfidence =
	RangeConfidence<BodyTempType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;
	using BodyTempParFun = PartialFunction<BodyTempType, ReliabilityType>;
	using BodyTempLinFun = LinearFunction<BodyTempType, ReliabilityType>;

	//
	// Create application sensors.
	//
	LOG_INFO("Creating sensors.");

	// All sensors are created without defining a normal generator function, but
	// with the default value of the second argument. That, however, requires the
	// data type to be explicitly defined. This is good for simulation only.
	AgentHandle HRSensor = createSensor<HRType>(App, "HR Sensor", Decimation);
	AgentHandle BRSensor = createSensor<BRType>(App, "BR Sensor", Decimation);
	AgentHandle SpO2Sensor =
	createSensor<SpO2Type>(App, "SpO2 Sensor", Decimation);
	AgentHandle BPSysSensor =
	createSensor<BPSysType>(App, "BPSys Sensor", Decimation);
	AgentHandle BodyTempSensor =
	createSensor<BodyTempType>(App, "BodyTemp Sensor", Decimation);

	//
	// Create functionalities.
	//
	LOG_INFO("Creating Functionalities for Agents.");

	//
	// Define reliabilities and confindences.
	//

	const size_t TimeStep = 1;
	const size_t HistoryLength = 32;

	using TimeParFun = PartialFunction<size_t, ReliabilityType>;
	using TimeLinFun = LinearFunction<size_t, ReliabilityType>;

	std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<size_t, ReliabilityType>> TimeConfidence(
	new TimeParFun({{{std::numeric_limits<size_t>::lowest(), 0},
	std::make_shared<TimeLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{0, HistoryLength},
	std::make_shared<TimeLinFun>(0, 1, HistoryLength, 0)}},
	0));

	ReliabilityAndConfidenceCombination<HRType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>
	HRReliability;
	HRReliability.setIdentifiers(warningScores);
	HRReliability.setHistoryLength(HistoryLength);
	HRReliability.setTimeStep(TimeStep);
	HRReliability.setTimeFunctionForLikelinessFunction(TimeConfidence);

	std::shared_ptr<HRConfidence> HRConf(new HRConfidence(
	{{No, HRParFun({{{56.5f, 62.5f},
	std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(56.5f, 0, 62.5f, 1)},
	{{62.5f, 97.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{97.5f, 103.5f},
	std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(97.5f, 1, 103.5f, 0)}},
	0)},
	{Low,
	HRParFun(
	{{{47.5f, 53.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(47.5f, 0, 53.5f, 1)},
	{{53.5f, 56.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{56.5f, 62.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(56.5f, 1, 62.5f, 0)},
	{{97.5f, 103.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(97.5f, 0, 103.5f, 1)},
	{{103.5f, 107.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{107.5f, 113.5f},
	std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(107.5f, 1, 113.5f, 0)}},
	0)},
	{High,
	HRParFun(
	{{{36.5f, 42.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(36.5f, 0, 42.5f, 1)},
	{{42.5f, 47.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{47.5f, 53.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(47.5f, 1, 53.5f, 0)},
	{{107.5f, 113.5f},
	std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(107.5f, 0, 113.5f, 1)},
	{{113.5f, 126.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{126.5f, 132.5f},
	std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(126.5f, 1, 132.5f, 0)}},
	0)},
	{Emergency,
	HRParFun(
	{{{36.5f, 42.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(36.5f, 1, 42.5f, 0)},
	{{42.5f, 126.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(0, 0)},
	{{126.5f, 132.5f},
	std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(126.5f, 0, 132.5f, 1)}},
	1)}}));
	HRReliability.setConfidenceFunction(HRConf);

	std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<HRType, ReliabilityType>> HRAbsRel(
	new HRParFun({{{0.f, 200.f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{200.f, 300.f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(200.f, 1, 300.f, 0)}},
	0));
	HRReliability.setAbsoluteReliabilityFunction(HRAbsRel);

	std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<HRType, ReliabilityType>> HRRelSlope(new HRParFun(
	{{{-200.f, -100.f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(-200.f, 0, -100.f, 1)},
	{{-100.f, 100.f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{100.f, 200.f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(100.f, 1, 200.f, 0)}},
	0));
	HRReliability.setReliabilitySlopeFunction(HRRelSlope);

	ReliabilityAndConfidenceCombination<BRType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>
	BRReliability;
	BRReliability.setIdentifiers(warningScores);
	BRReliability.setHistoryLength(HistoryLength);
	BRReliability.setTimeStep(TimeStep);
	BRReliability.setTimeFunctionForLikelinessFunction(TimeConfidence);

	std::shared_ptr<BRConfidence> BRConf(new BRConfidence(
	{{No,
	BRParFun(
	{{{7.5f, 9.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(7.5f, 0, 9.5f, 1)},
	{{9.5f, 13.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{13.5f, 15.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(12.5f, 1, 15.5f, 0)}},
	0)},
	{Low,
	BRParFun(
	{{{13.5f, 15.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(13.5f, 0, 15.5f, 1)},
	{{15.5f, 19.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{19.5f, 21.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(19.5f, 1, 21.5f, 0)}},
	0)},
	{High,
	BRParFun(
	{{{std::numeric_limits<BRType>::lowest(), 7.5f},
	std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{7.5f, 9.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(7.5f, 1, 9.5f, 0)},
	{{19.5f, 21.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(19.5f, 0, 21.5f, 1)},
	{{21.5f, 28.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{28.5f, 30.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(28.5f, 1, 30.5f, 0)}},
	0)},
	{Emergency, BRParFun({{{std::numeric_limits<BRType>::lowest(), 28.5f},
	std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(0, 0)},
	{{28.5f, 30.5f},
	std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(28.5f, 0, 30.5f, 1)}},
	1)}}));
	BRReliability.setConfidenceFunction(BRConf);

	std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<BRType, ReliabilityType>> BRAbsRel(
	new BRParFun({{{0.f, 40.f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{40.f, 60.f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(40.f, 1, 60.f, 0)}},
	0));
	BRReliability.setAbsoluteReliabilityFunction(BRAbsRel);

	std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<BRType, ReliabilityType>> BRRelSlope(
	new BRParFun({{{-30.f, -20.f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(-30.f, 0, -20.f, 1)},
	{{-20.f, 20.f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{20.f, 30.f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(20.f, 1, 30.f, 0)}},
	0));
	BRReliability.setReliabilitySlopeFunction(BRRelSlope);

	ReliabilityAndConfidenceCombination<SpO2Type, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>
	SpO2Reliability;
	SpO2Reliability.setIdentifiers(warningScores);
	SpO2Reliability.setHistoryLength(HistoryLength);
	SpO2Reliability.setTimeStep(TimeStep);
	SpO2Reliability.setTimeFunctionForLikelinessFunction(TimeConfidence);

	std::shared_ptr<SpO2Confidence> SpO2Conf(new SpO2Confidence(
	{{No, SpO2ParFun({{{93, 96}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(93, 0, 96, 1)},
	{{96, std::numeric_limits<SpO2Type>::max()},
	std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(1, 0)}},
	0)},
	{Low,
	SpO2ParFun({{{88, 91}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(88, 0, 91, 1)},
	{{91, 93}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{93, 96}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(93, 1, 96, 0)}},
	0)},
	{High,
	SpO2ParFun({{{83, 86}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(83, 0, 86, 1)},
	{{86, 88}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{88, 91}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(88, 1, 91, 0)}},
	0)},
	{Emergency,
	SpO2ParFun({{{83, 86}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(83, 1, 86, 0)},
	{{86, std::numeric_limits<SpO2Type>::max()},
	std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(0, 0)}},
	1)}}));
	SpO2Reliability.setConfidenceFunction(SpO2Conf);

	std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<SpO2Type, ReliabilityType>> SpO2AbsRel(
	new SpO2ParFun(
	{
	{{0, 100}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(1, 0)},
	},
	0));
	SpO2Reliability.setAbsoluteReliabilityFunction(SpO2AbsRel);

	std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<SpO2Type, ReliabilityType>> SpO2RelSlope(
	new SpO2ParFun({{{-8, -5}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(-8, 0, -5, 1)},
	{{-5, 5}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{5, 8}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(5, 1, 8, 0)}},
	0));
	SpO2Reliability.setReliabilitySlopeFunction(SpO2RelSlope);

	ReliabilityAndConfidenceCombination<BPSysType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>
	BPSysReliability;
	BPSysReliability.setIdentifiers(warningScores);
	BPSysReliability.setHistoryLength(HistoryLength);
	BPSysReliability.setTimeStep(TimeStep);
	BPSysReliability.setTimeFunctionForLikelinessFunction(TimeConfidence);

	std::shared_ptr<BPSysConfidence> BPSysConf(new BPSysConfidence(
	{{No,
	BPSysParFun({{{97.5f, 103.5f},
	std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(97.5f, 0, 103.5f, 1)},
	{{103.5f, 146.5f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{146.5f, 152.5f},
	std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(146.5f, 1, 152.5f, 0)}},
	0)},
	{Low,
	BPSysParFun({{{77.5f, 83.5f},
	std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(77.5f, 0, 83.5f, 1)},
	{{83.5f, 97.5f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{97.5f, 103.5f},
	std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(97.5f, 1, 103.5f, 0)},
	{{146.5f, 152.5f},
	std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(146.5f, 0, 152.5f, 1)},
	{{152.5f, 166.5f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{166.5f, 172.5f},
	std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(166.5f, 1, 172.5f, 0)}},
	0)},
	{High,
	BPSysParFun({{{66.5f, 72.5f},
	std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(66.5f, 0, 72.5f, 1)},
	{{72.5f, 77.5f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{77.5f, 83.5f},
	std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(77.5f, 1, 83.5f, 0)},
	{{166.5f, 172.5f},
	std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(166.5f, 0, 172.5f, 1)},
	{{172.5f, 176.5f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{176.5f, 182.5f},
	std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(176.5f, 1, 182.5f, 0)}},
	0)},
	{Emergency,
	BPSysParFun({{{66.5f, 72.5f},
	std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(66.5f, 1, 72.5f, 0)},
	{{72.5f, 176.5f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(0, 0)},
	{{176.5f, 182.5f},
	std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(176.5f, 0, 182.5f, 1)}},
	1)}}));
	BPSysReliability.setConfidenceFunction(BPSysConf);

	std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<BPSysType, ReliabilityType>> BPSysAbsRel(
	new BPSysParFun(
	{{{0.f, 260.f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{260.f, 400.f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(260.f, 1, 400.f, 0)}},
	0));
	BPSysReliability.setAbsoluteReliabilityFunction(BPSysAbsRel);

	std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<BPSysType, ReliabilityType>> BPSysRelSlope(
	new BPSysParFun(
	{{{-100.f, -50.f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(-100.f, 0, -50.f, 1)},
	{{-50.f, 50.f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{50.f, 100.f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(50.f, 1, 100.f, 0)}},
	0));
	BPSysReliability.setReliabilitySlopeFunction(BPSysRelSlope);

	ReliabilityAndConfidenceCombination<BodyTempType, WarningScoreType,
	ReliabilityType>
	BodyTempReliability;
	BodyTempReliability.setIdentifiers(warningScores);
	BodyTempReliability.setHistoryLength(HistoryLength);
	BodyTempReliability.setTimeStep(TimeStep);
	BodyTempReliability.setTimeFunctionForLikelinessFunction(TimeConfidence);

	std::shared_ptr<BodyTempConfidence> BodyTempConf(new BodyTempConfidence(
	{{No, BodyTempParFun(
	{{{34.55f, 35.55f},
	std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(34.55f, 0, 35.55f, 1)},
	{{35.55f, 37.55f}, std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{37.55f, 38.55f},
	std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(37.55f, 1, 38.55f, 0)}},
	0)},
	{Low, BodyTempParFun({}, 0)},
	{High, BodyTempParFun(
	{{{std::numeric_limits<BodyTempType>::lowest(), 34.55f},
	std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{34.55f, 35.55f},
	std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(34.55f, 1, 35.55f, 0)},
	{{37.55f, 38.55f},
	std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(37.55f, 0, 38.55f, 1)},
	{{38.55f, 39.05f}, std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{39.05f, 40.05f},
	std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(39.05f, 1, 40.05f, 0)}},
	0)},
	{Emergency,
	BodyTempParFun(
	{{{std::numeric_limits<BodyTempType>::lowest(), 39.05f},
	std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(0, 0)},
	{{39.05f, 40.05f},
	std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(39.05f, 0, 40.05f, 1)}},
	1)}}));
	BodyTempReliability.setConfidenceFunction(BodyTempConf);

	std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<BodyTempType, ReliabilityType>> BodyTempAbsRel(
	new BodyTempParFun(
	{{{-70.f, -50.f},
	std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(-70.f, 0, -50.f, 1)},
	{{-50.f, 40.f}, std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{40.f, 60.f}, std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(40.f, 1, 60.f, 0)}},
	0));
	BodyTempReliability.setAbsoluteReliabilityFunction(BodyTempAbsRel);

	std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<BodyTempType, ReliabilityType>> BodyTempRelSlope(
	new BodyTempParFun(
	{{{-0.1f, -0.05f},
	std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(-0.1f, 0, -0.05f, 1)},
	{{-0.05f, 0.05f}, std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(1, 0)},
	{{0.05f, 0.1f},
	std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(0.05f, 1, 0.1f, 0)}},
	0));
	BodyTempReliability.setReliabilitySlopeFunction(BodyTempRelSlope);

	//
	// Create low-level application agents with \c createLowLevelAgent.
	//
	LOG_INFO("Creating low-level agents.");

	AgentHandle HRAgent =
	createLowLevelAgent(App, "HR Agent", Decimation, HRReliability);
	AgentHandle BRAgent =
	createLowLevelAgent(App, "BR Agent", Decimation, BRReliability);
	AgentHandle SpO2Agent =
	createLowLevelAgent(App, "SpO2 Agent", Decimation, SpO2Reliability);
	AgentHandle BPSysAgent =
	createLowLevelAgent(App, "BPSys Agent", Decimation, BPSysReliability);
	AgentHandle BodyTempAgent = createLowLevelAgent(
	App, "BodyTemp Agent", Decimation, BodyTempReliability);

	//
	// Connect sensors to low-level agents.
	//
	LOG_INFO("Connect sensors to their corresponding low-level agents.");

	App->connectSensor(HRAgent, 0, HRSensor, "HR Sensor Channel");
	App->connectSensor(BRAgent, 0, BRSensor, "BR Sensor Channel");
	App->connectSensor(SpO2Agent, 0, SpO2Sensor, "SpO2 Sensor Channel");
	App->connectSensor(BPSysAgent, 0, BPSysSensor, "BPSys Sensor Channel");
	App->connectSensor(BodyTempAgent, 0, BodyTempSensor,
	"BodyTemp Sensor Channel");

	//
	// Create a high-level application agent.
	//
	LOG_INFO("Create high-level agent.");

	// Slave positions on BodyAgent.
	enum SlaveIndex : rosa::id_t {
	HRIdx = 0,
	BRIdx = 1,
	SpO2Idx = 2,
	BPSysIdx = 3,
	BodyTempIdx = 4
	};

	const ReliabilityType CrossLikelinessParameter = 1.5;

	CrossCombinator<WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType> BodyCrossCombinator;
	BodyCrossCombinator.setCrossLikelinessParameter(CrossLikelinessParameter);

	using WarningLikelinessFun =
	LikelinessFunction<WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;

	std::shared_ptr<WarningLikelinessFun> BRCrossLikelinessFun(
	new WarningLikelinessFun(0.6));
	BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(HRIdx, BRIdx,
	BRCrossLikelinessFun);
	BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BRIdx, HRIdx,
	BRCrossLikelinessFun);
	BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BRIdx, SpO2Idx,
	BRCrossLikelinessFun);
	BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BRIdx, BPSysIdx,
	BRCrossLikelinessFun);
	BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BRIdx, BodyTempIdx,
	BRCrossLikelinessFun);
	BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(SpO2Idx, BRIdx,
	BRCrossLikelinessFun);
	BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BPSysIdx, BRIdx,
	BRCrossLikelinessFun);
	BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BodyTempIdx, BRIdx,
	BRCrossLikelinessFun);

	std::shared_ptr<WarningLikelinessFun> HRBPCrossLikelinessFun(
	new WarningLikelinessFun(2.5));
	BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(HRIdx, BPSysIdx,
	HRBPCrossLikelinessFun);
	BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BPSysIdx, HRIdx,
	HRBPCrossLikelinessFun);

	// The new agent logs its input values, results in a pair of the sum of
	// received warning scores and their cross-reliability as well as calculated
	// cross-likeliness feedback for each of its slaves.
	using BodyAgentInput = std::pair<WarningValue, bool>;
	using BodyAgentOutput = Optional<WarningValue>;
	using BodyAgentFeedback = Optional<FeedbackTuple>;
	using BodyAgentResult =
	std::tuple<BodyAgentOutput, BodyAgentFeedback, BodyAgentFeedback,
	BodyAgentFeedback, BodyAgentFeedback, BodyAgentFeedback>;
	using BodyAgentHandler = std::function<BodyAgentResult(
	BodyAgentInput, BodyAgentInput, BodyAgentInput, BodyAgentInput,
	BodyAgentInput)>;
	AgentHandle BodyAgent =
	App->createAgent(
	"Body Agent",
	BodyAgentHandler([&](BodyAgentInput HR, BodyAgentInput BR,
	BodyAgentInput SpO2, BodyAgentInput BPSys,
	BodyAgentInput BodyTemp) -> BodyAgentResult {
	LOG_INFO_STREAM << "\n*******\nBody Agent trigged with values:\n"
	<< (HR.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
	<< " HR result: " << PRINTABLE(HR.first) << "\n"
	<< (BR.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
	<< " BR result: " << PRINTABLE(BR.first) << "\n"
	<< (SpO2.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
	<< " SpO2 result: " << PRINTABLE(SpO2.first) << "\n"
	<< (BPSys.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
	<< " BPSys result: " << PRINTABLE(BPSys.first)
	<< "\n"
	<< (BodyTemp.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
	<< " BodyTemp result: " << PRINTABLE(BodyTemp.first)
	<< "\n******\n";

	using ValueType =
	std::tuple<rosa::id_t, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;
	const std::vector<ValueType> SlaveValues{
	{HRIdx, std::get<0>(HR.first), std::get<1>(HR.first)},
	{BRIdx, std::get<0>(BR.first), std::get<1>(BR.first)},
	{SpO2Idx, std::get<0>(SpO2.first), std::get<1>(SpO2.first)},
	{BPSysIdx, std::get<0>(BPSys.first), std::get<1>(BPSys.first)},
	{BodyTempIdx, std::get<0>(BodyTemp.first),
	std::get<1>(BodyTemp.first)}};

	const auto [crossReliability, feedbackValues] =
	BodyCrossCombinator(SlaveValues);

	struct ScoreSum {
	void operator()(const ValueType &V) { ews += std::get<1>(V); }
	WarningScoreType ews{0};
	};
	const ScoreSum scoreSum = std::for_each(
	SlaveValues.cbegin(), SlaveValues.cend(), ScoreSum());

	return {{WarningValue(scoreSum.ews, crossReliability)},
	{feedbackFromSymbol(feedbackValues.at(HRIdx))},
	{feedbackFromSymbol(feedbackValues.at(BRIdx))},
	{feedbackFromSymbol(feedbackValues.at(SpO2Idx))},
	{feedbackFromSymbol(feedbackValues.at(BPSysIdx))},
	{feedbackFromSymbol(feedbackValues.at(BodyTempIdx))}};
	}));
	App->setExecutionPolicy(BodyAgent, AppExecutionPolicy::decimation(Decimation));

	//
	// Connect low-level agents to the high-level agent.
	//
	LOG_INFO("Connect low-level agents to the high-level agent.");

	App->connectAgents(BodyAgent, HRIdx, HRAgent, "HR Agent Channel");
	App->connectAgents(BodyAgent, BRIdx, BRAgent, "BR Agent Channel");
	App->connectAgents(BodyAgent, SpO2Idx, SpO2Agent, "SpO2 Agent Channel");
	App->connectAgents(BodyAgent, BPSysIdx, BPSysAgent, "BPSys Agent Channel");
	App->connectAgents(BodyAgent, BodyTempIdx, BodyTempAgent,
	"BodyTemp Agent Channel");

	//
	// For simulation output, create a logger agent writing the output of the
	// high-level agent into a CSV file.
	//
	LOG_INFO("Create a logger agent.");

	// Create CSV writer.
	std::ofstream ScoreCSV(ScoreCSVPath);
	csv::CSVTupleWriter<WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>
	ScoreWriter(ScoreCSV, CSVDelimiter);
	if (CSVHeader) {
	ScoreWriter.writeHeader({"EWS", "Reliability"});
	}

	// The agent writes each new input value into a CSV file and produces nothing.
	// \note The execution of the logger is not subject to decimation.
	using logger_result = AppTuple<unit_t>;
	AgentHandle LoggerAgent = App->createAgent(
	"Logger Agent",
	std::function<Optional<logger_result>(std::pair<WarningValue, bool>)>(
	[&ScoreWriter](
	std::pair<WarningValue, bool> Score) -> Optional<logger_result> {
	// The state of \p ScoreWriter is not checked, expecting good.
	ScoreWriter << Score.first;
	return {};
	}));

	//
	// Connect the high-level agent to the logger agent.
	//
	LOG_INFO("Connect the high-level agent to the logger agent.");

	App->connectAgents(LoggerAgent, 0, BodyAgent, "Body Agent Channel");

	//
	// Do simulation.
	//
	LOG_INFO("Setting up and performing simulation.");

	//
	// Initialize application for simulation.
	//

	App->initializeSimulation();

	//
	// Open CSV files and register them for their corresponding sensors.
	//

	// Type aliases for iterators.
	using CSVDataIterator =
	CSVIterator<HRType, BRType, SpO2Type, BPSysType, BodyTempType>;
	const auto CSVHeaderInfo =
	CSVHeader ? HeaderInformation::HasHeader : HeaderInformation::HasNoHeader;
	std::ifstream DataCSV(DataCSVPath);
	auto [HRRange, BRRange, SpO2Range, BPSysRange, BodyTempRange] =
	splitTupleIterator(
	CSVDataIterator(DataCSV, 0, CSVHeaderInfo, CSVDelimiter),
	CSVDataIterator());

	App->registerSensorValues(HRSensor, std::move(begin(HRRange)), end(HRRange));
	App->registerSensorValues(BRSensor, std::move(begin(BRRange)), end(BRRange));
	App->registerSensorValues(SpO2Sensor, std::move(begin(SpO2Range)),
	end(SpO2Range));
	App->registerSensorValues(BPSysSensor, std::move(begin(BPSysRange)),
	end(BPSysRange));
	App->registerSensorValues(BodyTempSensor, std::move(begin(BodyTempRange)),
	end(BodyTempRange));

	//
	// Simulate.
	//

	App->simulate(NumberOfSimulationCycles);

	return 0;
	}

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