//===-- apps/sa-ews2/sa-ews2.cpp --------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
//
//                 The RoSA Framework -- Application SA-EWS2
//
// Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Boost Software License 1.0.
// See accompanying file LICENSE.
//
// If you did not receive a copy of the license file, see
// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
///
/// \file apps/sa-ews2/sa-ews2.cpp
///
/// \author David Juhasz (david.juhasz@tuwien.ac.at)
///         Maximilian Goetzinger (maxgot@utu.fi)
///
/// \date 2020
///
/// \brief The application SA-EWS2 implements the case study from the paper:
/// M. Götzinger, A. Anzanpour, I. Azimi, N. TaheriNejad, A. Jantsch,
/// A. M. Rahmani, and P. Liljeberg: Confidence-Enhanced Early Warning Score
/// Based on Fuzzy Logic. DOI: 10.1007/s11036-019-01324-5
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "rosa/agent/RangeConfidence.hpp"
#include "rosa/agent/CrossCombinator.h"
#include "rosa/agent/ReliabilityConfidenceCombination.h"

#include "rosa/config/version.h"

#include "rosa/app/Application.hpp"

#include "rosa/support/csv/CSVReader.hpp"
#include "rosa/support/csv/CSVWriter.hpp"
#include "rosa/support/iterator/split_tuple_iterator.hpp"

#include "cxxopts/cxxopts.hpp"

#include <fstream>

using namespace rosa;
using namespace rosa::agent;
using namespace rosa::app;
using namespace rosa::terminal;
using namespace rosa::csv;
using namespace rosa::iterator;

const std::string AppName = "SA-EWS2";

/// Representation type of warning levels.
/// \note Make sure it suits all defined enumeration values.
using WarningScoreType = uint8_t;

/// Warning levels for abstraction.
///
/// \note Conversion functions \c feedbackFromSymbol(), \c feedbackToSymbol(),
/// and the master input handler generated by \c createLowLevelAgent() expect
/// enumeration values to constitute a consecutive range of non-negative
/// integers starting from \c 0.
enum WarningScore : WarningScoreType {
  No = 0,
  Low = 1,
  High = 2,
  Emergency = 3
};

/// Vector with all possible warning levels.
std::vector<WarningScoreType> warningScores = {No, Low, High, Emergency};

/// Type used to represent reliability values.
using ReliabilityType = double;

/// The result type of low-level functions.
using WarningValue = AppTuple<WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;

/// The helper struct used by the Likeliness Combinator to provide feedback.
using EWSSymbol = Symbol<WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;

/// All feedback calculated by Likelienss Combinator for one slave.
using EWSFeedback = std::vector<EWSSymbol>;

/// The feedback provided by master to a slave agent.
/// The tuple contains the reliability feedback for each warning level in order.
using FeedbackTuple = AppTuple<ReliabilityType, ReliabilityType,
                               ReliabilityType, ReliabilityType>;

/// Converts feedback calculated by Likeliness Combinator into a tuple that can
/// be sent between agents.
///
/// \param F calculated standard feedback
///
/// \return feedback tuple
FeedbackTuple feedbackFromSymbol(const EWSFeedback &F) {
  // Fill a map with feedback for warning levels.
  std::map<WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType> M;
  std::for_each(F.cbegin(), F.cend(), [&M](const EWSSymbol &S) {
    M.insert({S.Identifier, S.Likeliness});
  });
  // Expect feedback for all warning levels.
  ASSERT(M.size() == warningScores.size());
  return {M[No], M[Low], M[High], M[Emergency]};
}

/// Converts feedback tuple to standard format used by the Likeliness Combinator.
///
/// \param F feedback tuple
///
/// \return feedback in standard format
EWSFeedback feedbackToSymbol(const FeedbackTuple &F) {
  return {{No, std::get<No>(F)},
          {Low, std::get<Low>(F)},
          {High, std::get<High>(F)},
          {Emergency, std::get<Emergency>(F)}};
}

/// Helper function creating an application sensor and setting its execution
/// policy for decimation.
///
/// \note The sensors are created without defining a normal generator function,
/// which is suitable for simulation only.
///
/// \tparam T type of values for the sensor to generate
///
/// \param App the application to create the sensor in
/// \param Name name of the new sensor
/// \param Decimation the decimation parameter
///
/// \return handle for the new sensor
template <typename T>
AgentHandle createSensor(std::unique_ptr<Application> &App,
                         const std::string &Name, const size_t Decimation) {
  AgentHandle Sensor = App->createSensor<T>(Name);
  App->setExecutionPolicy(Sensor, AppExecutionPolicy::decimation(Decimation));
  return Sensor;
}

/// Helper function creating an application agent for pre-processing sensory
/// values and setting its execution policy for decimation.
///
/// Received values are assessed for reliability and abstracted into a \c
/// WarningScore. The result of the processing function is a pair of assessed
/// reliability and abstracted values.
///
/// The agent also accepts feedback from its master, which is taken into account
/// for the pre-processing of later sensory values.
///
/// \note The result, \c WarningScore, is returned as \c WarningScoreType
/// because enumeration types are not integrated into built-in types. Hence, a
/// master to these agents receives its input as \c WarningScoreType values, and
/// may cast them to \c WarningScore explicitly.
///
/// \tparam T type of values to receive from the sensor
///
/// \param App the application to create the agent in
/// \param Name name of the new agent
/// \param Decimation the decimation parameter
/// \param R reliability/confidence combination to use
///
/// \return handle for the new agent
template <typename T>
AgentHandle
createLowLevelAgent(std::unique_ptr<Application> &App, const std::string &Name,
                    const size_t Decimation,
                    ReliabilityAndConfidenceCombination<T, WarningScoreType,
                                                        ReliabilityType> &R) {
  using masterhandler = std::function<void(std::pair<FeedbackTuple, bool>)>;
  using result = Optional<WarningValue>;
  using input = AppTuple<T>;
  using handler = std::function<result(std::pair<input, bool>)>;
  AgentHandle Agent = App->createAgent(
      Name, masterhandler([&, Name](std::pair<FeedbackTuple, bool> I) {
        LOG_INFO_STREAM << "\n******\n"
                        << Name << " " << (I.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
                        << " master feedback: ["
                        << PRINTABLE(std::get<No>(I.first)) << ", "
                        << PRINTABLE(std::get<Low>(I.first)) << ", "
                        << PRINTABLE(std::get<High>(I.first)) << ", "
                        << PRINTABLE(std::get<Emergency>(I.first))
                        << "]\n******\n";
        const auto Feedback = feedbackToSymbol(I.first);
        R.feedback(Feedback);
      }),
      handler([&, Name](std::pair<input, bool> I) -> result {
        LOG_INFO_STREAM << "\n******\n"
                        << Name << " " << (I.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
                        << " value: " << PRINTABLE(std::get<0>(I.first))
                        << "\n******\n";
        const auto SensorValue = std::get<0>(I.first);
        const auto AbstractedValue = R.bestSymbol(SensorValue);
        return {WarningValue(AbstractedValue.Identifier,
                             AbstractedValue.Likeliness)};
      }));
  App->setExecutionPolicy(Agent, AppExecutionPolicy::decimation(Decimation));
  return Agent;
}

/// Helper function to print an error message in red color to the terminal and
/// exit from the application.
///
/// \note The function never returns as it calles `exit()`.
///
/// \param Error error message
/// \param ExitCode exit code to return from the application
void logErrorAndExit(const std::string &Error, const int ExitCode) {
    LOG_ERROR_STREAM << Color::Red << Error << Color::Default << std::endl;
    exit(ExitCode);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  LOG_INFO_STREAM << '\n'
                  << library_string() << " -- " << Color::Red << AppName
                  << " app" << Color::Default << '\n';

  /// Paths for the CSV files for simulation.
  ///
  ///@{
  std::string DataCSVPath;
  std::string ScoreCSVPath;
  ///@}

  /// Whether CSV files have header row at the beginning.
  bool CSVHeader = false;

  /// Delimiter character in CSV files.
  char CSVDelimiter = ',';

  /// Decimation of sensors and agents.
  size_t Decimation = 1;

  /// How many cycles of simulation to perform.
  size_t NumberOfSimulationCycles = 128;

  // Handle command-line arguments.
  try {
    cxxopts::Options Options(argv[0], library_string() + " -- " + AppName);
    Options.add_options()("i,input",
                          "Path for the CSV file providing input data",
                          cxxopts::value(DataCSVPath), "file")
                         ("o,output",
                          "Path for the CSV file to write output scores",
                          cxxopts::value(ScoreCSVPath), "file")
                         ("header", "CSV files have header row",
                          cxxopts::value(CSVHeader)->default_value("false"))
                         ("delimiter", "CSV delimiter character",
                          cxxopts::value(CSVDelimiter)->default_value(","), "char")
                         ("d,decimation", "Decimation of sensors and agents",
                          cxxopts::value(Decimation)->default_value("1"), "int")
                         ("c,cycles", "Number of simulation cycles to perform",
                          cxxopts::value(NumberOfSimulationCycles)->default_value("16"), "int")
                         ("h,help", "Print usage");

    auto Args = Options.parse(argc, argv);

    if (Args.count("help")) {
      LOG_INFO_STREAM << '\n' << Options.help() << std::endl;
      exit(0);
    }

    if (Args.count("input") == 0) {
        throw std::invalid_argument("Argument --input must be defined.");
    }
    if (Args.count("output") == 0) {
        throw std::invalid_argument("Argument --output must be defined.");
    }
  } catch (const cxxopts::OptionException &e) {
    logErrorAndExit(e.what(), 1);
  } catch (const std::invalid_argument &e) {
    logErrorAndExit(e.what(), 1);
  }

  std::unique_ptr<Application> App = Application::create(AppName);

  //
  // Relevant types and definitions.
  //

  using HRType = float;
  using HRConfidence =
      RangeConfidence<HRType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;
  using HRParFun = PartialFunction<HRType, ReliabilityType>;
  using HRLinFun = LinearFunction<HRType, ReliabilityType>;

  using BRType = float;
  using BRConfidence =
      RangeConfidence<BRType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;
  using BRParFun = PartialFunction<BRType, ReliabilityType>;
  using BRLinFun = LinearFunction<BRType, ReliabilityType>;

  using SpO2Type = int32_t;
  using SpO2Confidence =
      RangeConfidence<SpO2Type, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;
  using SpO2ParFun = PartialFunction<SpO2Type, ReliabilityType>;
  using SpO2LinFun = LinearFunction<SpO2Type, ReliabilityType>;

  using BPSysType = float;
  using BPSysConfidence =
      RangeConfidence<BPSysType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;
  using BPSysParFun = PartialFunction<BPSysType, ReliabilityType>;
  using BPSysLinFun = LinearFunction<BPSysType, ReliabilityType>;

  using BodyTempType = float;
  using BodyTempConfidence =
      RangeConfidence<BodyTempType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;
  using BodyTempParFun = PartialFunction<BodyTempType, ReliabilityType>;
  using BodyTempLinFun = LinearFunction<BodyTempType, ReliabilityType>;

  //
  // Create application sensors.
  //
  LOG_INFO("Creating sensors.");

  // All sensors are created without defining a normal generator function, but
  // with the default value of the second argument. That, however, requires the
  // data type to be explicitly defined. This is good for simulation only.
  AgentHandle HRSensor = createSensor<HRType>(App, "HR Sensor", Decimation);
  AgentHandle BRSensor = createSensor<BRType>(App, "BR Sensor", Decimation);
  AgentHandle SpO2Sensor =
      createSensor<SpO2Type>(App, "SpO2 Sensor", Decimation);
  AgentHandle BPSysSensor =
      createSensor<BPSysType>(App, "BPSys Sensor", Decimation);
  AgentHandle BodyTempSensor =
      createSensor<BodyTempType>(App, "BodyTemp Sensor", Decimation);

  //
  // Create functionalities.
  //
  LOG_INFO("Creating Functionalities for Agents.");

  //
  // Define reliabilities and confindences.
  //

  const size_t TimeStep = 1;
  const size_t HistoryLength = 32;

  using TimeParFun = PartialFunction<size_t, ReliabilityType>;
  using TimeLinFun = LinearFunction<size_t, ReliabilityType>;

  std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<size_t, ReliabilityType>> TimeConfidence(
      new TimeParFun({{{0, HistoryLength},
                       std::make_shared<TimeLinFun>(0, 1, HistoryLength, 0)}},
                     0));

  ReliabilityAndConfidenceCombination<HRType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>
      HRReliability;
  HRReliability.setIdentifiers(warningScores);
  HRReliability.setHistoryLength(HistoryLength);
  HRReliability.setTimeStep(TimeStep);
  HRReliability.setTimeFunctionForLikelinessFunction(TimeConfidence);

  std::shared_ptr<HRConfidence> HRConf(new HRConfidence(
      {{No, HRParFun({{{56.5f, 62.5f},
                       std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(56.5f, 0, 62.5f, 1)},
                      {{62.5f, 97.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
                      {{97.5f, 103.5f},
                       std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(97.5f, 1, 103.5f, 0)}},
                     0)},
       {Low,
        HRParFun(
            {{{47.5f, 53.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(47.5f, 0, 53.5f, 1)},
             {{53.5f, 56.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
             {{56.5f, 62.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(56.5f, 1, 62.5f, 0)},
             {{97.5f, 103.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(97.5f, 0, 103.5f, 1)},
             {{103.5f, 107.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
             {{107.5f, 113.5f},
              std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(107.5f, 1, 113.5f, 0)}},
            0)},
       {High,
        HRParFun(
            {{{36.5f, 42.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(36.5f, 0, 42.5f, 1)},
             {{42.5f, 47.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
             {{47.5f, 53.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(47.5f, 1, 53.5f, 0)},
             {{107.5f, 113.5f},
              std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(107.5f, 0, 113.5f, 1)},
             {{113.5f, 126.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
             {{126.5f, 132.5f},
              std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(126.5f, 1, 132.5f, 0)}},
            0)},
       {Emergency,
        HRParFun(
            {{{36.5f, 42.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(36.5f, 1, 42.5f, 0)},
             {{42.5f, 126.5f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(0, 0)},
             {{126.5f, 132.5f},
              std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(126.5f, 0, 132.5f, 1)}},
            1)}}));
  HRReliability.setConfidenceFunction(HRConf);

  std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<HRType, ReliabilityType>> HRAbsRel(
      new HRParFun({{{0.f, 200.f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
                    {{200.f, 300.f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(200.f, 1, 300.f, 0)}},
                   0));
  HRReliability.setAbsoluteReliabilityFunction(HRAbsRel);

  std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<HRType, ReliabilityType>> HRRelSlope(new HRParFun(
      {{{-200.f, -100.f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(-200.f, 0, -100.f, 1)},
       {{-100.f, 100.f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(1, 0)},
       {{100.f, 200.f}, std::make_shared<HRLinFun>(100.f, 1, 200.f, 0)}},
      0));
  HRReliability.setReliabilitySlopeFunction(HRRelSlope);

  ReliabilityAndConfidenceCombination<BRType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>
      BRReliability;
  BRReliability.setIdentifiers(warningScores);
  BRReliability.setHistoryLength(HistoryLength);
  BRReliability.setTimeStep(TimeStep);
  BRReliability.setTimeFunctionForLikelinessFunction(TimeConfidence);

  std::shared_ptr<BRConfidence> BRConf(new BRConfidence(
      {{No,
        BRParFun(
            {{{7.5f, 9.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(7.5f, 0, 9.5f, 1)},
             {{9.5f, 13.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(1, 0)},
             {{13.5f, 15.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(12.5f, 1, 15.5f, 0)}},
            0)},
       {Low,
        BRParFun(
            {{{13.5f, 15.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(13.5f, 0, 15.5f, 1)},
             {{15.5f, 19.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(1, 0)},
             {{19.5f, 21.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(19.5f, 1, 21.5f, 0)}},
            0)},
       {High,
        BRParFun(
            {{{std::numeric_limits<BRType>::lowest(), 7.5f},
              std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(1, 0)},
             {{7.5f, 9.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(7.5f, 1, 9.5f, 0)},
             {{19.5f, 21.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(19.5f, 0, 21.5f, 1)},
             {{21.5f, 28.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(1, 0)},
             {{28.5f, 30.5f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(28.5f, 1, 30.5f, 0)}},
            0)},
       {Emergency, BRParFun({{{std::numeric_limits<BRType>::lowest(), 28.5f},
                              std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(0, 0)},
                             {{28.5f, 30.5f},
                              std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(28.5f, 0, 30.5f, 1)}},
                            1)}}));
  BRReliability.setConfidenceFunction(BRConf);

  std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<BRType, ReliabilityType>> BRAbsRel(
      new BRParFun({{{0.f, 40.f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(1, 0)},
                    {{40.f, 60.f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(40.f, 1, 60.f, 0)}},
                   0));
  BRReliability.setAbsoluteReliabilityFunction(BRAbsRel);

  std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<BRType, ReliabilityType>> BRRelSlope(
      new BRParFun({{{-30.f, -20.f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(-30.f, 0, -20.f, 1)},
                    {{-20.f, 20.f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(1, 0)},
                    {{20.f, 30.f}, std::make_shared<BRLinFun>(20.f, 1, 30.f, 0)}},
                   0));
  BRReliability.setReliabilitySlopeFunction(BRRelSlope);

  ReliabilityAndConfidenceCombination<SpO2Type, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>
      SpO2Reliability;
  SpO2Reliability.setIdentifiers(warningScores);
  SpO2Reliability.setHistoryLength(HistoryLength);
  SpO2Reliability.setTimeStep(TimeStep);
  SpO2Reliability.setTimeFunctionForLikelinessFunction(TimeConfidence);

  std::shared_ptr<SpO2Confidence> SpO2Conf(new SpO2Confidence(
      {{No, SpO2ParFun({{{93, 96}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(93, 0, 96, 1)},
                        {{96, std::numeric_limits<SpO2Type>::max()},
                         std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(1, 0)}},
                       0)},
       {Low,
        SpO2ParFun({{{88, 91}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(88, 0, 91, 1)},
                    {{91, 93}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(1, 0)},
                    {{93, 96}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(93, 1, 96, 0)}},
                   0)},
       {High,
        SpO2ParFun({{{83, 86}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(83, 0, 86, 1)},
                    {{86, 88}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(1, 0)},
                    {{88, 91}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(88, 1, 91, 0)}},
                   0)},
       {Emergency,
        SpO2ParFun({{{83, 86}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(83, 1, 86, 0)},
                    {{86, std::numeric_limits<SpO2Type>::max()},
                     std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(0, 0)}},
                   1)}}));
  SpO2Reliability.setConfidenceFunction(SpO2Conf);

  std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<SpO2Type, ReliabilityType>> SpO2AbsRel(
      new SpO2ParFun(
          {
              {{0, 100}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(1, 0)},
          },
          0));
  SpO2Reliability.setAbsoluteReliabilityFunction(SpO2AbsRel);

  std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<SpO2Type, ReliabilityType>> SpO2RelSlope(
      new SpO2ParFun({{{-8, -5}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(-8, 0, -5, 1)},
                      {{-5, 5}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(1, 0)},
                      {{5, 8}, std::make_shared<SpO2LinFun>(5, 1, 8, 0)}},
                     0));
  SpO2Reliability.setReliabilitySlopeFunction(SpO2RelSlope);

  ReliabilityAndConfidenceCombination<BPSysType, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>
      BPSysReliability;
  BPSysReliability.setIdentifiers(warningScores);
  BPSysReliability.setHistoryLength(HistoryLength);
  BPSysReliability.setTimeStep(TimeStep);
  BPSysReliability.setTimeFunctionForLikelinessFunction(TimeConfidence);

  std::shared_ptr<BPSysConfidence> BPSysConf(new BPSysConfidence(
      {{No,
        BPSysParFun({{{97.5f, 103.5f},
                      std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(97.5f, 0, 103.5f, 1)},
                     {{103.5f, 146.5f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
                     {{146.5f, 152.5f},
                      std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(146.5f, 1, 152.5f, 0)}},
                    0)},
       {Low,
        BPSysParFun({{{77.5f, 83.5f},
                      std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(77.5f, 0, 83.5f, 1)},
                     {{83.5f, 97.5f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
                     {{97.5f, 103.5f},
                      std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(97.5f, 1, 103.5f, 0)},
                     {{146.5f, 152.5f},
                      std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(146.5f, 0, 152.5f, 1)},
                     {{152.5f, 166.5f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
                     {{166.5f, 172.5f},
                      std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(166.5f, 1, 172.5f, 0)}},
                    0)},
       {High,
        BPSysParFun({{{66.5f, 72.5f},
                      std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(66.5f, 0, 72.5f, 1)},
                     {{72.5f, 77.5f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
                     {{77.5f, 83.5f},
                      std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(77.5f, 1, 83.5f, 0)},
                     {{166.5f, 172.5f},
                      std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(166.5f, 0, 172.5f, 1)},
                     {{172.5f, 176.5f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
                     {{176.5f, 182.5f},
                      std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(176.5f, 1, 182.5f, 0)}},
                    0)},
       {Emergency,
        BPSysParFun({{{66.5f, 72.5f},
                      std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(66.5f, 1, 72.5f, 0)},
                     {{72.5f, 176.5f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(0, 0)},
                     {{176.5f, 182.5f},
                      std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(176.5f, 0, 182.5f, 1)}},
                    1)}}));
  BPSysReliability.setConfidenceFunction(BPSysConf);

  std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<BPSysType, ReliabilityType>> BPSysAbsRel(
      new BPSysParFun(
          {{{0.f, 260.f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
           {{260.f, 400.f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(260.f, 1, 400.f, 0)}},
          0));
  BPSysReliability.setAbsoluteReliabilityFunction(BPSysAbsRel);

  std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<BPSysType, ReliabilityType>> BPSysRelSlope(
      new BPSysParFun(
          {{{-100.f, -50.f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(-100.f, 0, -50.f, 1)},
           {{-50.f, 50.f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(1, 0)},
           {{50.f, 100.f}, std::make_shared<BPSysLinFun>(50.f, 1, 100.f, 0)}},
          0));
  BPSysReliability.setReliabilitySlopeFunction(BPSysRelSlope);

  ReliabilityAndConfidenceCombination<BodyTempType, WarningScoreType,
                                      ReliabilityType>
      BodyTempReliability;
  BodyTempReliability.setIdentifiers(warningScores);
  BodyTempReliability.setHistoryLength(HistoryLength);
  BodyTempReliability.setTimeStep(TimeStep);
  BodyTempReliability.setTimeFunctionForLikelinessFunction(TimeConfidence);

  std::shared_ptr<BodyTempConfidence> BodyTempConf(new BodyTempConfidence(
      {{No, BodyTempParFun(
                {{{34.55f, 35.55f},
                  std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(34.55f, 0, 35.55f, 1)},
                 {{35.55f, 37.55f}, std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(1, 0)},
                 {{37.55f, 38.55f},
                  std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(37.55f, 1, 38.55f, 0)}},
                0)},
       {Low, BodyTempParFun({}, 0)},
       {High, BodyTempParFun(
                  {{{std::numeric_limits<BodyTempType>::lowest(), 34.55f},
                    std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(1, 0)},
                   {{34.55f, 35.55f},
                    std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(34.55f, 1, 35.55f, 0)},
                   {{37.55f, 38.55f},
                    std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(37.55f, 0, 38.55f, 1)},
                   {{38.55f, 39.05f}, std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(1, 0)},
                   {{39.05f, 40.05f},
                    std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(39.05f, 1, 40.05f, 0)}},
                  0)},
       {Emergency,
        BodyTempParFun(
            {{{std::numeric_limits<BodyTempType>::lowest(), 39.05f},
              std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(0, 0)},
             {{39.05f, 40.05f},
              std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(39.05f, 0, 40.05f, 1)}},
            1)}}));
  BodyTempReliability.setConfidenceFunction(BodyTempConf);

  std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<BodyTempType, ReliabilityType>> BodyTempAbsRel(
      new BodyTempParFun(
          {{{-70.f, -50.f},
            std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(-70.f, 0, -50.f, 1)},
           {{-50.f, 40.f}, std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(1, 0)},
           {{40.f, 60.f}, std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(40.f, 1, 60.f, 0)}},
          0));
  BodyTempReliability.setAbsoluteReliabilityFunction(BodyTempAbsRel);

  std::shared_ptr<Abstraction<BodyTempType, ReliabilityType>> BodyTempRelSlope(
      new BodyTempParFun(
          {{{-0.1f, -0.05f},
            std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(-0.1f, 0, -0.05f, 1)},
           {{-0.05f, 0.05f}, std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(1, 0)},
           {{0.05f, 0.1f},
            std::make_shared<BodyTempLinFun>(0.05f, 1, 0.1f, 0)}},
          0));
  BodyTempReliability.setReliabilitySlopeFunction(BodyTempRelSlope);

  //
  // Create low-level application agents with \c createLowLevelAgent.
  //
  LOG_INFO("Creating low-level agents.");

  AgentHandle HRAgent =
      createLowLevelAgent(App, "HR Agent", Decimation, HRReliability);
  AgentHandle BRAgent =
      createLowLevelAgent(App, "BR Agent", Decimation, BRReliability);
  AgentHandle SpO2Agent =
      createLowLevelAgent(App, "SpO2 Agent", Decimation, SpO2Reliability);
  AgentHandle BPSysAgent =
      createLowLevelAgent(App, "BPSys Agent", Decimation, BPSysReliability);
  AgentHandle BodyTempAgent = createLowLevelAgent(
      App, "BodyTemp Agent", Decimation, BodyTempReliability);

  //
  // Connect sensors to low-level agents.
  //
  LOG_INFO("Connect sensors to their corresponding low-level agents.");

  App->connectSensor(HRAgent, 0, HRSensor, "HR Sensor Channel");
  App->connectSensor(BRAgent, 0, BRSensor, "BR Sensor Channel");
  App->connectSensor(SpO2Agent, 0, SpO2Sensor, "SpO2 Sensor Channel");
  App->connectSensor(BPSysAgent, 0, BPSysSensor, "BPSys Sensor Channel");
  App->connectSensor(BodyTempAgent, 0, BodyTempSensor,
                     "BodyTemp Sensor Channel");

  //
  // Create a high-level application agent.
  //
  LOG_INFO("Create high-level agent.");

  // Slave positions on BodyAgent.
  enum SlaveIndex : rosa::id_t {
    HRIdx = 0,
    BRIdx = 1,
    SpO2Idx = 2,
    BPSysIdx = 3,
    BodyTempIdx = 4
  };

  const ReliabilityType CrossLikelinessParameter = 1.5;

  CrossCombinator<WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType> BodyCrossCombinator;

  BodyCrossCombinator.addIdentifiers(HRIdx, warningScores);
  BodyCrossCombinator.addIdentifiers(BRIdx, warningScores);
  BodyCrossCombinator.addIdentifiers(SpO2Idx, warningScores);
  BodyCrossCombinator.addIdentifiers(BPSysIdx, warningScores);
  BodyCrossCombinator.addIdentifiers(BodyTempIdx, warningScores);

  BodyCrossCombinator.setCrossLikelinessParameter(CrossLikelinessParameter);

  using WarningLikelinessFun =
      LikelinessFunction<WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;

  std::shared_ptr<WarningLikelinessFun> BRCrossLikelinessFun(
      new WarningLikelinessFun(0.6));
  BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(HRIdx, BRIdx,
                                                BRCrossLikelinessFun);
  BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BRIdx, HRIdx,
                                                BRCrossLikelinessFun);
  BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BRIdx, SpO2Idx,
                                                BRCrossLikelinessFun);
  BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BRIdx, BPSysIdx,
                                                BRCrossLikelinessFun);
  BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BRIdx, BodyTempIdx,
                                                BRCrossLikelinessFun);
  BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(SpO2Idx, BRIdx,
                                                BRCrossLikelinessFun);
  BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BPSysIdx, BRIdx,
                                                BRCrossLikelinessFun);
  BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BodyTempIdx, BRIdx,
                                                BRCrossLikelinessFun);

  std::shared_ptr<WarningLikelinessFun> HRBPCrossLikelinessFun(
      new WarningLikelinessFun(2.5));
  BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(HRIdx, BPSysIdx,
                                                HRBPCrossLikelinessFun);
  BodyCrossCombinator.addCrossLikelinessProfile(BPSysIdx, HRIdx,
                                                HRBPCrossLikelinessFun);

  // The new agent logs its input values, results in a pair of the sum of
  // received warning scores and their cross-reliability as well as calculated
  // cross-likeliness feedback for each of its slaves.
  using BodyAgentInput = std::pair<WarningValue, bool>;
  using BodyAgentOutput = Optional<WarningValue>;
  using BodyAgentFeedback = Optional<FeedbackTuple>;
  using BodyAgentResult =
      std::tuple<BodyAgentOutput, BodyAgentFeedback, BodyAgentFeedback,
                 BodyAgentFeedback, BodyAgentFeedback, BodyAgentFeedback>;
  using BodyAgentHandler = std::function<BodyAgentResult(
      BodyAgentInput, BodyAgentInput, BodyAgentInput, BodyAgentInput,
      BodyAgentInput)>;
  AgentHandle BodyAgent =
      App->createAgent(
          "Body Agent",
          BodyAgentHandler([&](BodyAgentInput HR, BodyAgentInput BR,
                               BodyAgentInput SpO2, BodyAgentInput BPSys,
                               BodyAgentInput BodyTemp) -> BodyAgentResult {
            LOG_INFO_STREAM << "\n*******\nBody Agent trigged with values:\n"
                            << (HR.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
                            << " HR result: " << PRINTABLE(HR.first) << "\n"
                            << (BR.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
                            << " BR result: " << PRINTABLE(BR.first) << "\n"
                            << (SpO2.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
                            << " SpO2 result: " << PRINTABLE(SpO2.first) << "\n"
                            << (BPSys.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
                            << " BPSys result: " << PRINTABLE(BPSys.first)
                            << "\n"
                            << (BodyTemp.second ? "<New>" : "<Old>")
                            << " BodyTemp result: " << PRINTABLE(BodyTemp.first)
                            << "\n******\n";

            using ValueType =
                std::tuple<rosa::id_t, WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>;
            const std::vector<ValueType> SlaveValues{
                {HRIdx, std::get<0>(HR.first), std::get<1>(HR.first)},
                {BRIdx, std::get<0>(BR.first), std::get<1>(BR.first)},
                {SpO2Idx, std::get<0>(SpO2.first), std::get<1>(SpO2.first)},
                {BPSysIdx, std::get<0>(BPSys.first), std::get<1>(BPSys.first)},
                {BodyTempIdx, std::get<0>(BodyTemp.first),
                 std::get<1>(BodyTemp.first)}};

            const auto [crossReliability, feedbackValues] =
                BodyCrossCombinator(SlaveValues);

            struct ScoreSum {
              void operator()(const ValueType &V) { ews += std::get<1>(V); }
              WarningScoreType ews{0};
            };
            const ScoreSum scoreSum = std::for_each(
                SlaveValues.cbegin(), SlaveValues.cend(), ScoreSum());

            return {{WarningValue(scoreSum.ews, crossReliability)},
                    {feedbackFromSymbol(feedbackValues.at(HRIdx))},
                    {feedbackFromSymbol(feedbackValues.at(BRIdx))},
                    {feedbackFromSymbol(feedbackValues.at(SpO2Idx))},
                    {feedbackFromSymbol(feedbackValues.at(BPSysIdx))},
                    {feedbackFromSymbol(feedbackValues.at(BodyTempIdx))}};
          }));
  App->setExecutionPolicy(BodyAgent, AppExecutionPolicy::decimation(Decimation));

  //
  // Connect low-level agents to the high-level agent.
  //
  LOG_INFO("Connect low-level agents to the high-level agent.");

  App->connectAgents(BodyAgent, HRIdx, HRAgent, "HR Agent Channel");
  App->connectAgents(BodyAgent, BRIdx, BRAgent, "BR Agent Channel");
  App->connectAgents(BodyAgent, SpO2Idx, SpO2Agent, "SpO2 Agent Channel");
  App->connectAgents(BodyAgent, BPSysIdx, BPSysAgent, "BPSys Agent Channel");
  App->connectAgents(BodyAgent, BodyTempIdx, BodyTempAgent,
                     "BodyTemp Agent Channel");

  //
  // For simulation output, create a logger agent writing the output of the
  // high-level agent into a CSV file.
  //
  LOG_INFO("Create a logger agent.");

  // Create CSV writer.
  std::ofstream ScoreCSV(ScoreCSVPath);
  csv::CSVTupleWriter<WarningScoreType, ReliabilityType>
      ScoreWriter(ScoreCSV, CSVDelimiter);
  if (CSVHeader) {
    ScoreWriter.writeHeader({"EWS", "Reliability"});
  }

  // The agent writes each new input value into a CSV file and produces nothing.
  // \note The execution of the logger is not subject to decimation.
  using logger_result = AppTuple<unit_t>;
  AgentHandle LoggerAgent = App->createAgent(
      "Logger Agent",
      std::function<Optional<logger_result>(std::pair<WarningValue, bool>)>(
          [&ScoreWriter](
              std::pair<WarningValue, bool> Score) -> Optional<logger_result> {
            // The state of \p ScoreWriter is not checked, expecting good.
            ScoreWriter << Score.first;
            return {};
          }));

  //
  // Connect the high-level agent to the logger agent.
  //
  LOG_INFO("Connect the high-level agent to the logger agent.");

  App->connectAgents(LoggerAgent, 0, BodyAgent, "Body Agent Channel");

  //
  // Do simulation.
  //
  LOG_INFO("Setting up and performing simulation.");

  //
  // Initialize application for simulation.
  //

  App->initializeSimulation();

  //
  // Open CSV files and register them for their corresponding sensors.
  //

  // Type aliases for iterators.
  using CSVDataIterator =
      CSVIterator<HRType, BRType, SpO2Type, BPSysType, BodyTempType>;
  const auto CSVHeaderInfo =
      CSVHeader ? HeaderInformation::HasHeader : HeaderInformation::HasNoHeader;
  std::ifstream DataCSV(DataCSVPath);
  auto [HRRange, BRRange, SpO2Range, BPSysRange, BodyTempRange] =
      splitTupleIterator(
          CSVDataIterator(DataCSV, 0, CSVHeaderInfo, CSVDelimiter),
          CSVDataIterator());

  App->registerSensorValues(HRSensor, std::move(begin(HRRange)), end(HRRange));
  App->registerSensorValues(BRSensor, std::move(begin(BRRange)), end(BRRange));
  App->registerSensorValues(SpO2Sensor, std::move(begin(SpO2Range)),
                            end(SpO2Range));
  App->registerSensorValues(BPSysSensor, std::move(begin(BPSysRange)),
                            end(BPSysRange));
  App->registerSensorValues(BodyTempSensor, std::move(begin(BodyTempRange)),
                            end(BodyTempRange));

  //
  // Simulate.
  //

  App->simulate(NumberOfSimulationCycles);

  return 0;
}